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Updated on September 10, 2012

AUSTRALIA - FACT SHEETS

Official Name : Commonwealth of Australia 
Geographical location : (Latitude) 10° 41’ South and 43° 39’ South
(Longitude) 113° 09’ East and 153° 39’ East
Area : 7.7 million sq.km (coastline 25,760 km)
Climate : Summer from December to February
 Autumn from March to May
Winter from June to August
Spring from September to November
Conditions vary depending on location
Population : 22.5 million (Dec. 2011)
States and Territories  : Territories:
Australian Capital Territory (370,700)
Northern Territory (232,400)
States:  : New South Wales (7.2 mn)
Victoria (5.6 mn)
Queensland (4.5 mn)
Western Australia (2.4 mn)
South Australia (1.6 mn)
Tasmania (0.51 mn)
Federal Capital : Canberra (370,700)
Other Major Cities : Sydney (4.4 mn)
Melbourne (4.0 mn)
Brisbane (2.1 mn)
Perth (1.7 mn)
Adelaide (1.2 mn)
Hobart (211,600)
Darwin (121,000)
Religion : Christianity (13.0 million); Buddhism (0.68 million); Islam (0.44 million); Hinduism (0.153 million); Judaism (0.092 million); other religion groups include Australian Aboriginal traditional religions, Sikhism etc.
Ethnic groups : Australia is a country of migrants; around 45% were either born overseas; have a parent who was born overseas. There are over 200 migrant nationalities, among whom are predominantly English, Irish, New Zealander, Italian, Croatian, Serbian, Vietnamese, Greek, Chinese, Indian (Caucasian 92%; Asian 7%; Aboriginal and
others 1%
)
Time difference : NSW, Queensland, ACT, Victoria and Tasmania: IST + 4½ hours
South Australia and Northern Territory: IST + 4 hours
Western Australia: IST + 2½ hours
NSW, VIC, SA, ACT, TAS have Daylight Saving
Time from October to March.
POLITICAL
Polity : Federal parliament democracy, based on the constitution of 1901, with Queen as head of State. The Government is headed by a Prime Minister in Cabinet. The Parliament is bicameral: the 150-member House of Representatives (the lower house) is directly elected by a preferential voting system for a three-year term; and the Senate (the upper house) the 76 Senators (twelve from each of the six States and two from each of the Territories) directly elected by proportional representation for six-year terms, with one-half of Senate members retiring every three years, usually to coincide with elections for the House
of Representatives. The Senate may not initiate or amend money bills.
State legislatures : Five of the six states have bicameral legislatures; that of Queensland is unicameral
Electoral system : Compulsory universal direct suffrage over the age of 18
National government : A cabinet, presided over by the Prime Minister, is  appointed by the Governor-General on the basis of party strength in the House of Representatives; a minority Labor government is currently in power, supported by the Greens       and four Independents
Major political parties : The Australian Labor Party (ALP), the Liberal Party, the National Party, the Democrats, the Greens.
Head of State  : Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia represented by the Governor General.
Governor General : HE Ms. Quentin Bryce AC
Prime Minister  : The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP
Foreign Minister : Senator the Hon. Bob Carr
Leader of Opposition : The Hon. Tony Abbott, MP
Party position Total : 150
House of Representatives : ALP                                      : 71
Liberals*                             :  59
Nationals*                          :  11
Country Liberal Party*      :  1
Independents                    :  5
Greens                                :  1
KAP                                      : 1
Nationals (WA)                  : 1

*(Liberals, Nationals & CLP are in a coalition with 71 seats)

Senate : Total : 76
Liberal*                                            :  28
Nationals/ Country Liberal Party :* 6
ALP                                                   :  31
Greens                                             :  9
Democratic Labor Party                :  1
Independent                                    :  1

*(Liberals, National are in a coalition with 34 seats)
ECONOMIC
Composition of GDP : The Australian economy is based overwhelmingly on services, which account for 80.1% of GDP The mining sector accounts for 7.6%;manufacturing for 11%; agriculture, forestry and fishery for 2.3%.
Financial Year : July 1 - June 30
GDP (current prices) : US$1,516.2 billion; (A$1,486.5 bn) (2011)
GDP Per Capita : US$66,807 (A$ 65,497) (2011)
GDP Growth : 2.2% (2011)
Foreign Exchange Reserves : US$ 49.29 bn. (A$ 46.83 bn) (July 2012)
Main natural resources : Coal, Gold, Iron Ore, Bauxite, Alumina, Uranium, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Natural Gas.
Main natural resources : Wheat, Barley, Oats, Oilseeds
Principal crops  : Wheat, Barley, Oats, Oilseeds
Currency : A$ 1= US$ 1.03 / Rs. 57.39 (August 2012)
Total Merchandise Trade(A$bn) : 598.23 (Exports:312.12;Imports:286.11)(2011)

 AUSTRALIA’S PRINCIPAL TRADING PARTNERS (2011, Australian$)

Country

Total Trade

Rank

Exports

Rank

Imports

Rank

China

$121.05 bn.

1st

$77.12 bn.

1st

$43.93 bn.

1st

Japan

$72.46 bn.

2nd

$52.38 bn.

2nd

$20.07 bn.

3rd

USA

$54.18 bn.

3rd

$14.90 bn.

5th

$39.28 bn.

2nd

Republic of Korea

$32.66 bn.

4th 

$25.02 bn.

3rd

$07.64 bn.

11th

Singapore

$27.68 bn.

5th

$09.52 bn.

9th

$18.15 bn.

4th

United Kingdom

$23.00 bn.

6th

$11.46 bn.

6th

$11.54 bn.

6th

New Zealand

$21.58 bn.

7th

$11.01 bn.

7th

$10.57 bn.

8th

India

$20.33 bn.

8th  

$17.38 bn.

4th

$02.95 bn.

20th  

Thailand

$18.45 bn.

9th

$07.72 bn.

10th

$10.73 bn.

7th

Malaysia

$16.02 bn

10th

$06.13 bn.

12th

$09.89 bn.

9th

Outward Investment : (A$mn.) 1,234,375 (2011)
Inward Investment : (A$mn.) 2,114,589(2011)
Leading Destination countries : U.S.A($410.04 bn/32.7%) U.K.($192.3bn/15.3%)
New Zealand ($73.9 bn/5.8%)                                                                                    Japan($29.1bn/2.3%)Netherlands($24.54bn/1.9%)
Leading Investing countries : U.S.A ($122.4 bn/24.1%) U.K. ($69.7bn/13.7%)
Japan ($52.3bn/10.3%) Netherlands   ($32.9bn/6.5%) Switzerland ($23.0/4.5)
INDIA AUSTRALIA BILATERAL TRADE 2011*
Bilateral trade in goods   : A$ 17.52bn.  (US$17.86 bn.)  (2011)*
India’s Exports   : A$ 2.28 bn. (US$2.32 bn.) (2011)*
India’s Imports : A$ 15.24 bn. (US$ 15.54 bn.) (2011)*
Main exports : Pearls & gems, Rotating electric plants, Jewellery Made-up textiles, and Medicaments (incl.        veterinary).
Main imports  : Non-monetary gold, Coal, copper and copper ores,  Crude Petroleum, Fertilizers (excl. crudes), Confidential items of trade.
Bilateral trade in services : A$ 3.19 bn. (US$ 3.22 bn.) (2011)
India’s Service Exports : A$0.73 bn. (US$ 0.75 bn.) (2011)
India’s Service Imports : A$ 2.14 bn. (US$ 2.18 bn.) (2011)
Australia’s main export destinations : China, Japan, Republic of Korea, India, U.S.A.
Australia’s main import sources : China, USA, Japan, Singapore, Germany.
 

INDIA – AUSTRALIA TRADE IN GOODS: 2006 - 2011.
(all figures in A$)

 

2006 - 07      

2007 - 08

2008 – 09

2009 - 10

2010 - 11

Total trade

$10.75 bn.

$10.92 bn.

$17.53 bn.

$18.02 bn.

$17.82 bn.

India’s Exports

$1.46 bn.

$1.60 bn.

$2.11   bn.

$1.84   bn.

$2.08 bn.

India’s Imports

$9.29 bn.

$9.32 bn.

$15.42 bn.

$16.17 bn.

$15.74 bn.

Australia is India’s sixteenth largest trading partner and India is Australia's eighth largest. India’s ranking among Australia’s export destinations continues to be fourth during the year 2011.

India’s exports of goods and services to Australia have increased by 13.2% in 2011while imports from Australia has decreased by 7.2% during the same period.

Main Australian service exports are Education; education – related travel; tourism.
Main Indian service exports are Computer & information services; tourism.
________
September 2012

* Financial Year 1 July 2010 – 30 June 2011
Source: ABS, DFAT, R.B.A